Regulatory role of l-proline in fetal pig growth and intestinal epithelial cell proliferation

l-proline (Pro) is a precursor of ornithine, which is converted into polyamines via ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). Polyamines plays a key role in the proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells. The study investigated the effect of Pro on polyamine metabolism and cell proliferation on porcine enterocytes in vivo and in vitro. Twenty-four Huanjiang mini-pigs were randomly assigned into 1 of 3 groups and fed a basal diet that contained 0.77% alanine (Ala, iso-nitrogenous control), 1% Pro or 1% Pro + 0.0167% α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) from d 15 to 70 of gestation. The fetal body weight and number of fetuses per litter were determined, and the small and large intestines were obtained on d 70 ± 1.78 of gestation. The in vitro study was performed in intestinal porcine epithelial (IPEC-J2) cells cultured in Dulbecco''s modified Eagle medium-high glucose (DMEM-H) containing 0 μmol/L Pro, 400 μmol/L Pro, or 400 μmol/L Pro + 10 mmol/L DFMO for 4 d. The results showed that maternal dietary supplementation with 1% Pro increased fetal weight; the protein and DNA concentrations of the fetal small intestine; and mRNA levels for potassium voltage-gated channel, shaker-related subfamily, member 1 (Kv1.1) in the fetal small and large intestines (P < 0.05). Supplementing Pro to either gilts or IPEC-J2 cells increased ODC protein abundances and polyamine concentrations in the fetal intestines and IPEC-J2 cells (P < 0.05). In comparison with the Pro group, the combined administration of Pro and DFMO reduced the expression of ODC protein and spermine concentration in the fetal intestine, as well as the concentrations of putrescine, spermidine and spermine in IPEC-J2 cells (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the percentage of cells in the S-phase and the mRNA levels of proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-myc were increased in response to Pro supplementation, whereas depletion of cellular polyamines with DFMO increased tumor protein p53 (p53) mRNA levels (P < 0.05). Taken together, dietary supplementation with Pro improved fetal pig growth and intestinal epithelial cell proliferation via enhancing polyamine synthesis.     

Identification of an H1N1 subtype of swine influenza virus and serological analysis

To investigate the epizootic of swine influenza virus(SIV), 60 nasal swabs were collected from a clinical cases of pig farm in Tai'an City, Shandong Province of China in April 2017. SIV was isolated by inoculating into 10-day-old Special Pathogen Free embryonated eggs and the whole genome was sequenced. An H1N1 subtype SIV was isolated and designated as A/swine/Shandong/TA04/2017(H1N1). Phylogenetic analysis showed that apart from the polymerase A(PA) fragment belonging to the 2009 pandemic H1N1 branch, seven genome segments belonged to avian-like H1N1 influenza virus lineage. The cleavage site sequence of the hemagglutinin(HA) protein was PSIQSR↓G, which is a typical molecular biological characteristic. Five potential N-glycosylation sites(N14, N26, N277, N484 and N543) were found in the HA gene. To further investigate the epidemiology of SIV in this farm, the 995 serum samples were assessed with EAH1N1 2009 pandemic H1N1 and H3 N2 antigens. The results showed that the total positive rate was 65.43%. The positive rates of single virus infection detected by EAH1N1, 2009 pdmH1N1 and H3 N2 for serum HI(Hemagglutination inhibition) were 48.35, 30.85 and 7.47%, respectively. The results showed that SIV in Shandong Province has been reassorted in some segments and the SIV-positive rate was high on the SIV outbreak farm. These data provide evidence of an epizootic of SIV.     

SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE FAMILY GENES IN WATERMELON AND THEIR RESPONSES TO DIFFERENT ABIOTIC STRESSES

• A total of 8 SOD genes from watermelon were identified and bioinformatically analyzed. • The SOD proteins from watermelon and other different plant species can be classified into five groups consistent with their metal cofactors. • ClSOD genes exhibited distinctive tissue-specific and abiotic stress responsive expression patterns. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an important enzyme in the antioxidant system of plants and plays a vital role in stress responses by maintaining the dynamic balance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations. Genome-wide analysis of the SOD gene family in various plant species has been conducted but little is known about this gene family in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). Here, eight SOD genes were identified in the watermelon genome and are designated ClCSD1-5, ClFSD1-2 and ClMSD according to their metal cofactors. Phylogenetic analysis shows that SOD proteins from various plant species can be classified into five groups and members in the same group possess the same metal cofactor and similar subcellular localizations. Expression analysis of the ClSOD genes indicates that they had tissue-specific expression patterns with high expression in different tissues including the leaves, flowers and fruit. In addition, the expression of ClSOD genes differed appreciably under salinity, drought and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments, indicating that they may be involved in ROS scavenging under different abiotic stresses via an ABA-dependent signaling pathway. These results lay the foundation for elucidating the function of ClSOD genes in stress tolerance and fruit development in watermelon.     

粉红香水月季花香成分分析及在城市园林中的应用

粉红香水月季为著名的古老藤本月季,前期引种发现,粉红香水月季在上海具有良好的适应性。为进一步开发利用,本研究主要对其芳香性开展研究。采用搅拌子吸附萃取脱附结合气相色谱质谱技术提取和分析鲜花花瓣中的香气成分。结果显示,粉红香水月季的主要香气成分为3,5-二甲氧基甲苯,其次为3-乙酸叶醇酯、石竹烯、香叶醇等。香气类型为以3,5-二甲氧基甲苯为代表的茶香型,香气偏清韵。同时,3,5-二甲氧基甲苯具有独特的镇定安神效果。粉红香水月季在观赏园林和保健园林的景观营造中具广阔应用前景。     

二十二份毛花猕猴桃种质资源果实品质的主成分分析与综合评价

为了更好地了解毛花猕猴桃种质资源的多样性,测定了浙江省丽水市境内22份毛花猕猴桃种质的8个品质指标,进行了变异分析、主成分分析、聚类分析和综合评价。结果表明,果实品质指标差异较大,单果质量的变异系数最大(38%);果实横径的变异系数最小(11%);聚类分析结果表明,22份毛花猕猴桃种质可以分为两大类,其中第一类种质果实的可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、维生素C含量均高于第二类,第二类种质果实的固酸比稍高于第一类;主成分分析表明,前三个主成分贡献率达85.04%,可综合反映果实品质信息;综合评价结果显示,LD-18、L-74、L-27、L-19、L-73这5个单株果实综合性状表现优良。综上所述,丽水市境内毛花猕猴桃种质资源果实性状具有丰富的多样性,为新品种的选育和果实品质改良提供了重要的参考依据。     

辣椒几丁质酶类基因家族的全基因组鉴定和表达特征分析

几丁质酶（chitinase, EC 3.2.1.14）是一种降解几丁质的糖苷酶,在植物应对非生物和生物胁迫中起重要作用。本研究对辣椒几丁质酶类（Capsicum annuum chitinase-like, CaCTL）基因家族成员进行了全基因组注释、进化分析和基因表达模式分析。从最新的辣椒基因组数据库中鉴定出31个CaCTL成员。根据系统发育进化树将这些成员分为GH18和GH19亚家族,并进一步分为5个亚类（Ⅰ~Ⅴ类）。保守基序分析结果表明,每个亚类中的成员存在功能相关性。对辣椒、矮牵牛以及番茄的CTL基因家族成员同源性分析表明,在矮牵牛和番茄中分别有7个和11个辣椒CaCTL的同源基因。通过qRT-PCR分析发现,在正常环境生长的辣椒植株中,64.2%的GH18亚家族的CaCTL成员表达水平很低,有64.7%的GH19亚家族成员在不同组织中存在差异表达。顺式作用元件分析表明,CaCTL成员启动子区域存在许多激素反应以及生物和非生物应激相关元件。当植物遭受不同的非生物胁迫时,qRT-PCR结果显示,多数CaCTL成员表达上调。当植物遭受高温干旱条件时,多个CaCTL成员的表达上调明显。上述结果丰富了CTL基因家族进化的研究,为探索CaCTL成员的功能提供了数据基础。     

早熟玉米杂交组合主要农艺性状与产量的灰色关联度分析

应用灰色关联度分析法,对19个玉米杂交组合性状进行分析。结果表明,各性状与产量的关联度大小依次为:株高>生育期>倒折率>穗行>行粒>秃尖>含水量>百粒重>穗位高>倒伏率>穗长>出籽率>穗粗。在育种工作中应该注重对株高、生育期和倒折率的选择,同时要结合不同性状间相互关系的综合表现进行育种,使玉米产量有较大提升。     

色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉林下灌木群落空间格局及其与倒木关联性分析

分析西藏色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉原始林下灌木群落的空间分布格局及其与倒木的关联性，探讨该森林生态系统内灌木的分布规律，并从空间分布格局角度量化倒木对灌木分布的影响。以色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉原始林下灌木和倒木为研究对象，通过典型样地调查，用点格局法分析其空间分布格局以及与倒木的关联性。结果表明:1）样地内共有灌木7种，总密度730株·hm^-2，不同灌木种群分密度依次为杯萼忍冬（359株·hm^-2）>长尾槭（185株·hm^-2）>西南花楸（61株·hm^-2）>猴斑杜鹃（55株·hm^-2）>冰川茶藨子（53株·hm^-2）>光秃绣线菊（株·hm^-2）>峨眉蔷薇（株·hm^-2）；2）在0~50 m空间尺度内，冰川茶藨子、猴斑杜鹃、长尾槭、杯萼忍冬以集群分布为主要特征；西南花楸以随机分布为主要特征，只是在个别尺度呈现显著的集群分布；3）Ⅰ腐烂等级倒木与灌木在0~50 m空间尺度上呈显著的负关联，倒木整体与灌木及Ⅱ~Ⅴ腐烂等级倒木与灌木在0~50 m空间尺度上均无显著关联。不同灌木种群因对环境的适应性不同而具有不同的空间分布格局，灌木空间格局形成的生态过程及倒木对灌木空间分布的影响均具有复杂性。     

体外产气法评价全株藜麦与全株玉米混合青贮饲料饲用价值

为提高全株藜麦的饲料化利用率，寻找其与全株玉米的最佳青贮比，试验共设全株藜麦与全株玉米比为100：0，90：10，80：20等11个组合进行青贮发酵，发酵60 d后测定各组青贮料的体外产气发酵指标，使用灰色关联度分析筛选出最佳青贮比例。结果表明，体外发酵至36 h时，各处理组GP趋于稳定，体外发酵减弱接近停止；全株藜麦与全株玉米比例为90：10时，该青贮饲料组合的粗蛋白（CP）和粗脂肪（EE）含量显著高于其他各组（P<0.05），乙酸（AA）、总挥发性脂肪酸（TVFA）含量以及氨态氮（NH₃-N）浓度显著高于其他各处理（P<0.05）。分析表明，全株藜麦与全株玉米比例为90：10时，混合青贮饲料的营养品质和产气发酵特性综合表现最好，可作为优质混合青贮饲料在家畜养殖中推广使用。     

国审‘陇育5号’小麦丰产广适特性分析与推广应用策略

分析国审 ‘陇育5号’小麦丰产性、抗逆性、广适机理及推广策略,以期为北部旱地小麦高效育种和品种推广提供借鉴。利用多年多点国家北部旱地、甘肃省陇东片区域试验及高产示范资料,对冬小麦新品种‘陇育5号’的性状进行比较分析。‘陇育5号’多点区域试验、生产试验产量平均为4922.54 kg/hm²,比对照品种平均增产13.28%,增产点（次）率89.97%。有效穗数597.0万/hm²,收获指数39.6%,旱地产量潜力达6399.0 kg/hm²。成穗多与收获指数较高是实现‘陇育5号’高产潜力的基础,抗寒抗旱抗病、耐生育后期高温、粒重变异小是其广适性和大面积推广的重要保障。‘陇育5号’丰产性强,抗寒抗旱、综合抗逆性好,品质优良,适应范围广。在推广应用中,应采取项目推广方式,订单式原种生产,合同式良种繁育,“科研单位+地方政府+种业企业+示范农户”四位一体的推广模式。